Grammar Guide- Verbs, Adverbs, Preps, Conjs

Grammar Rules for Sixth Grade Spring Final

1.     verb: a word expressing action or a state of being or emotion

·      Action verb: ran, run, will run

·      Linking verb (or state of being- “to be” verb)

I am                            we are

you are                       you are

he/she/it is                   they are

                        linking verb past tense (state or being or “to be” verb)

                        I was                           we were

                        You were                    you were

He/she/it was  they were

                        linking verb future tense (state of being or “to be” verb)

                        I will be                      we will be

                        You will be                 you will be

                        He/she/it will be         they will be

                        “To be” verbs link to an adjective: I am worried; You will be happy.

           

·      Helping Verbs:

Helping/main verbs can also come in the coulda-woulda-shoulda tense (I could have watched the news last night…)

“To be” verb also behaves as a helping verb, linking to a main verb: I am reading the book; You were wondering what happened . I will be asking a question.

Common helping verbs: am, is, are, can, has, have, had, is, be, been, do, does, did, may, might, shall, would, must.

****For the test, be able to identify the verbs in sentences. There maybe be more than one in a sentence. 

Adverbs!

An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

Other great adverbs:

http://www.mobap.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/list_of_adverbs.pdf

In addition to words with the –ly prefix, other common adverbs are

How / To What Degree

·      not

·      never

·      also

·      too

·      very

·      almost

·      ever

·      really

·      fast (remember fast can also be an adjective, i.e. fast car)

Time:

·      today

·      yesterday

·      tomorrow

·      soon

·      then

·      always

·      sometimes

·      often

·      forever

(remember some of these can also be used as nouns! i.e. Today was the best day ever!)

**A few –ly words that do

NOT have the adverb –ly prefix: unly, womanly, lovely, stately, lowly

PREPOSITIONS

• aboard
• about
• above
• across
• after
• against
• along
• amid
• among
• around
• as
• at

• before
• behind
• below
• beneath
• beside
• besides
• between
• beyond
• but
• by

• concerning
• considering

• despite
• down
• during

• except
• excepting
• excluding

• following
• for
• from

• in
• inside
• into
•  

• like

• minus

• near

• of
• off
• on
• onto
• opposite
• outside
• over

• past
• per
• plus

• regarding
• round

• save
• since

• than
• through
• to
• toward
• towards

• under
• underneath
• unlike
• until
• up
• upon

• versus
• via

• with
• within
• without

Conjunction- words joining other words or a group of words.

Ah, the classic Fanboys…

For

And

Nor

But

Or

Yet

So

Correlative:

Either…or

Neither… nor

Both…and

Not only… but also

Whether… or

Conjunctions are used to join two independent clauses (two complete sentences) to make a compound sentence.

Two Simple Sentences: James had not cleaned his room. He had not completed his homework.

COMPOUND: James had not cleaned his room, and he had not completed his homework.

Two Simple Sentences: On Tuesday Marion walked to school. On Friday her father drove her.

COMPOUND: On Tuesday Marion walked to school, but on Friday her father drove her.